In the normal course of breast cancer treatment, a doctor may consider various factors, among others:
1. Cancer staging
O - called non-invasive breast cancer. There are two types: DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) and LCIS (lobular carcinoma in situ)
I - Small Invasive Cancer (tumor size is smaller than 2 cm and are not attacking the lymph nodes)
II - invasive cancer (tumor size 2-5 cm and had invaded the lymph nodes)
III - large invasive cancers (tumor size> 5 cm and had a lump protruding into the surface of the skin, broken or bloody / purulent
IV - cancer cells are bermetastesis / spread to other organs like the lungs, the liver, bones, or brain
2. Grade of cancer
Ratings are G1, G2 & G3. Grade 3 is the ranking of the most aggressive and the worst recovery.
3. State of estrogen receptor (Estrogen Receptor-ER)
4. If ER is positive, the cancer cells may respond to hormone therapy such as tamoxifen. Specific conditions related to the patient, such as:
- Age of patients and the general health condition
- It's not menopause or
The main goal of cancer treatment at an early stage (primary) is to remove the tumor and networks around the tumor clean. Radiation therapy can be done in certain circumstances.
Surgery
In general, the smaller the tumor is usually a doctor will recommend surgery.
The types of surgery:
* Lumpectomy (removal of the tumor and the operation of the surrounding tissue). For DCIS and invasive cancer, usually followed by radiation therapy
* Total Mastectomy (surgical removal of the entire breast), but not including the lymph nodes under the armpit
Breast reconstruction (artificial breast) can be considered for women who underwent total Mastectomy.
Adjunctive treatment AND NEO-adjuvant next step in dealing with cancer aims to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence or spread. It should be understood that even in awalpun stage breast cancer can spread. Usually the doctor will recommend additional therapy. Is called adjuvant therapy when performed post-operative and is called neo-adjuvant therapy when performed before surgery.
Most adjuvant systemic therapy, which works through the bloodstream to reach cancer cells throughout the body. Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer can include chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy with the drug trastuzumab (Herceptin ®), radiotherapy, or a combination of the above.
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Research has shown that adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer, helping to prevent cancer from returning. Usually, more than one drug is given during adjuvant chemotherapy (called combination chemotherapy). For example, among others:
- CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU)
- FAC (5-Fu, doxorubicin, cyclophosmide)
- TAC (docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide)
- GT (gemcitabine and paclitaxel)
- Etc.
HORMONES THERAPY
Aims to suppress the production of the hormone estrogen that is essential for tumor development.
a.Obat tamoxifen:
How it works is to inhibit the activity of estrogen in the body. Tamoxifen can be given to Premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
b. Drug aromatase inhibitors (AI)
How it works is to prevent the body make estrogen. Can be used by postmenopausal women after tamoxifen therapy or as a substitute for tamoxifen therapy. Not too effective for Premenopausal women.
Targeted THERAPY
a. Trastuzumab (Herceptin ®)
Targeted drug therapy is a monoclonal antibody given by intravenous infusion. This therapy is aimed at growth pemelopor proteins, known as HER2. It is estimated that approximately 20% of patients are HER2 positive breast cancer. HER2 positive breast cancer tends to grow and spread more aggressively. It should be noted that in very rare cases, trastuzumab can cause heart problems. The risk of heart problems was higher when trastuzumab is given with certain chemotherapy drugs like doxorubicin (adriamisin) and epirubicin (Ellence).
b. Lapatinib (Tykerb):
Is the target of drug therapy aimed at the HER2 protein. Currently its use is only granted in cases of advanced stage breast cancer, and is usually given together with chemotherapy drug capecitabine (Xeloda).
c. Bevacizumab (Avastin ®)
Is a monoclonal antibody that can be used in patients with breast cancer who had bermetastesis. These antibodies directed against the protein that helps tumors form new blood vessels. Bevacizumab is given by intravenous infusion. Often combined with the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (Taxol).
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is usually given after surgery locally and can be given after mastectomy. For women with high risk, doctors can use radiation therapy after mastectomy to kill cancer cells that may remain in the breast tissue, such as chest wall or lymph nodes nearby.
- Prevention of Breast Cancer
For those of you who feel there are things that look different in the breast, get it checked out to doctors not to be late. For example the next enlargement, the presence of surrounding breast lumps, pain constantly on the nipple and forth as in the caption above signs and symptoms of breast.
Other actions you can do is to avoid obesity, Eat less fat, Try to consume foods that contain lots of vitamins A and C, Do not eat too many salted and smoked foods, Exercise regularly, and breast check-ups since the age of 30 years on a regular basis .
1. Cancer staging
O - called non-invasive breast cancer. There are two types: DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) and LCIS (lobular carcinoma in situ)
I - Small Invasive Cancer (tumor size is smaller than 2 cm and are not attacking the lymph nodes)
II - invasive cancer (tumor size 2-5 cm and had invaded the lymph nodes)
III - large invasive cancers (tumor size> 5 cm and had a lump protruding into the surface of the skin, broken or bloody / purulent
IV - cancer cells are bermetastesis / spread to other organs like the lungs, the liver, bones, or brain
2. Grade of cancer
Ratings are G1, G2 & G3. Grade 3 is the ranking of the most aggressive and the worst recovery.
3. State of estrogen receptor (Estrogen Receptor-ER)
4. If ER is positive, the cancer cells may respond to hormone therapy such as tamoxifen. Specific conditions related to the patient, such as:
- Age of patients and the general health condition
- It's not menopause or
The main goal of cancer treatment at an early stage (primary) is to remove the tumor and networks around the tumor clean. Radiation therapy can be done in certain circumstances.
Surgery
In general, the smaller the tumor is usually a doctor will recommend surgery.
The types of surgery:
* Lumpectomy (removal of the tumor and the operation of the surrounding tissue). For DCIS and invasive cancer, usually followed by radiation therapy
* Total Mastectomy (surgical removal of the entire breast), but not including the lymph nodes under the armpit
Breast reconstruction (artificial breast) can be considered for women who underwent total Mastectomy.
Adjunctive treatment AND NEO-adjuvant next step in dealing with cancer aims to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence or spread. It should be understood that even in awalpun stage breast cancer can spread. Usually the doctor will recommend additional therapy. Is called adjuvant therapy when performed post-operative and is called neo-adjuvant therapy when performed before surgery.
Most adjuvant systemic therapy, which works through the bloodstream to reach cancer cells throughout the body. Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer can include chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy with the drug trastuzumab (Herceptin ®), radiotherapy, or a combination of the above.
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Research has shown that adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer, helping to prevent cancer from returning. Usually, more than one drug is given during adjuvant chemotherapy (called combination chemotherapy). For example, among others:
- CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU)
- FAC (5-Fu, doxorubicin, cyclophosmide)
- TAC (docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide)
- GT (gemcitabine and paclitaxel)
- Etc.
HORMONES THERAPY
Aims to suppress the production of the hormone estrogen that is essential for tumor development.
a.Obat tamoxifen:
How it works is to inhibit the activity of estrogen in the body. Tamoxifen can be given to Premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
b. Drug aromatase inhibitors (AI)
How it works is to prevent the body make estrogen. Can be used by postmenopausal women after tamoxifen therapy or as a substitute for tamoxifen therapy. Not too effective for Premenopausal women.
Targeted THERAPY
a. Trastuzumab (Herceptin ®)
Targeted drug therapy is a monoclonal antibody given by intravenous infusion. This therapy is aimed at growth pemelopor proteins, known as HER2. It is estimated that approximately 20% of patients are HER2 positive breast cancer. HER2 positive breast cancer tends to grow and spread more aggressively. It should be noted that in very rare cases, trastuzumab can cause heart problems. The risk of heart problems was higher when trastuzumab is given with certain chemotherapy drugs like doxorubicin (adriamisin) and epirubicin (Ellence).
b. Lapatinib (Tykerb):
Is the target of drug therapy aimed at the HER2 protein. Currently its use is only granted in cases of advanced stage breast cancer, and is usually given together with chemotherapy drug capecitabine (Xeloda).
c. Bevacizumab (Avastin ®)
Is a monoclonal antibody that can be used in patients with breast cancer who had bermetastesis. These antibodies directed against the protein that helps tumors form new blood vessels. Bevacizumab is given by intravenous infusion. Often combined with the chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (Taxol).
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is usually given after surgery locally and can be given after mastectomy. For women with high risk, doctors can use radiation therapy after mastectomy to kill cancer cells that may remain in the breast tissue, such as chest wall or lymph nodes nearby.
- Prevention of Breast Cancer
For those of you who feel there are things that look different in the breast, get it checked out to doctors not to be late. For example the next enlargement, the presence of surrounding breast lumps, pain constantly on the nipple and forth as in the caption above signs and symptoms of breast.
Other actions you can do is to avoid obesity, Eat less fat, Try to consume foods that contain lots of vitamins A and C, Do not eat too many salted and smoked foods, Exercise regularly, and breast check-ups since the age of 30 years on a regular basis .
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